- Published: 30 August 2016
- ISBN: 9780698166769
- Imprint: PEN US eBook Adult
- Format: EBook
- Pages: 352
The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition
A Compendium of Knowledge from the Classical Islamic World
For the first time in English, a catalog of the world through fourteenth-century Arab eyes—a kind of Schott’s Miscellany for the Islamic Golden Age
  
 An astonishing record of the knowledge of a civilization, The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition catalogs everything known to exist from the perspective of a fourteenth-century Egyptian scholar and litterateur. More than 9,000 pages and thirty volumes—here abridged to one volume, and translated into English for the first time—it contains entries on everything from medieval moon-worshipping cults, sexual aphrodisiacs, and the substance of clouds, to how to get the smell of alcohol off one’s breath, the deliciousness of cheese made from buffalo milk, and the nesting habits of flamingos.
  
 Similar works by Western authors, including Pliny’s Natural History and Diderot’s Encyclopédie, have been available in English for centuries. This groundbreaking translation of a remarkable Arabic text—expertly abridged and annotated—offers a look at the world through the highly literary and impressively knowledgeable societies of the classical Islamic world. Meticulously arranged and delightfully eclectic, it is a compendium to be treasured—a true monument of erudition.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
- Published: 30 August 2016
- ISBN: 9780698166769
- Imprint: PEN US eBook Adult
- Format: EBook
- Pages: 352
 
         
                                                                 
                                                                 
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                     
                                            
                                    