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Article  •  1 August 2020

 

Classic of the month: Frankenstein

This August we discovered Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein still commands a captivating, horrifying magic.

In 1818, as the creature at the heart of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus drew first breath, none could have predicted the impression this print run of 500 books would leave on the world.

Begun when Shelley (then Mary Godwin) was just eighteen years old, her chilling Gothic tale has become one of the world’s most famous works of horror fiction, and remains a devastating exploration of the limits of human creativity. But if it wasn’t for a bout of bad weather during an 1816 holiday with her lover Percy Bysshe Shelley and poet Lord Byron in Geneva, the story might never have been written. Forced to spend evenings around the fire indoors, Byron proposed a supernatural writing challenge. Days passed, with Shelley unable to think of a story. Then during what she described as a ‘waking dream’, her terrifying vision of a man in the throes of unhallowed creation took shape.

Most recognisable via the film iconography of the early twentieth century, Frankenstein has influenced almost every imaginable facet of popular culture. The spirit of the story lives on in adaptations, imitations, sequels, films, visual art, musical tributes, parodies, tattoos, songs, comic books, radio plays, toys and games. Appropriately, the very word ‘Frankenstein’ has undergone its own transmogrification from its nounal beginnings into the realm of verbs. And, most importantly, 200 years on this story of a lonely, misunderstood and – somewhat surprisingly – vegetarian monster (‘I do not destroy the lamb and the kid to glut my appetite; acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment’) still ranks highly on the scare-scale.

The biggest thrill of re-reading this towering masterpiece as part of our Classic of the Month series has been complete immersion in Shelley’s vividly drawn world. Here we offer a glimpse through the storm clouds into the horror story that arguably started it all.

It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.

How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! – Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips.

The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room, and continued a long time traversing my bedchamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep. At length lassitude succeeded to the tumult I had before endured; and I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, endeavouring to seek a few moments of forgetfulness. But it was in vain: I slept, indeed, but I was disturbed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the bloom of health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared to change, and I thought that I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms; a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of flannel. I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed: when, by the dim and yellow light of the moon, as it forced its way through the window shutters, I beheld the wretch – the miserable monster whom I had created.

He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks.

He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped, and rushed downstairs. I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited; where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life.

Oh! no mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived.

I passed the night wretchedly. Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness. Mingled with this horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me; and the change was so rapid, the overthrow so complete!

Morning, dismal and wet, at length dawned, and discovered to my sleepless and aching eyes the church of Ingolstadt, its white steeple and clock, which indicated the sixth hour. The porter opened the gates of the court, which had that night been my asylum, and I issued into the streets, pacing them with quick steps, as if I sought to avoid the wretch whom I feared every turning of the street would present to my view. I did not dare return to the apartment which I inhabited, but felt impelled to hurry on, although drenched by the rain which poured from a black and comfortless sky.

I continued walking in this manner for some time, endeavouring by bodily exercise to ease the load that weighed upon my mind. I traversed the streets without any clear conception of where I was or what I was doing. My heart palpitated in the sickness of fear, and I hurried on with irregular steps, not daring to look about me:

Like one, on a lonesome road who,

Doth walk in fear and dread,

And, having once turned round, walks on,

And turns no more his head;

Because he knows a frightful fiend

Doth close behind him tread.*

* Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner [author’s footnote].

 

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